Reference Text
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Dhanpat
Rai
Shrivastava
better
known
by
his
pen
name
Munshi
Premchand,
was
an
Indian
writer
famous
for
his
modern
Hindi
Urdu
literature.
He
is
one
of
the
most
celebrated
writers
of
the
Indian
subcontinent
and
is
regarded
as
one
of
the
foremost
Hindi
writers
of
the
early
twentieth
century.
He
began
writing
under
the
pen
name
'Nawab
Rai',
but
subsequently
switched
to
'Premchand',
Munshi
being
an
honorary
prefix.
A
novel
writer,
story
writer
and
dramatist,
he
has
been
referred
to
as
the
'Upanyas
Samrat'
('Emperor
among
Novelists')
by
writers.
His
works
include
more
than
a
dozen
novels,
around
250
short
stories,
several
essays
and
translations
of
a
number
of
foreign
literary
works
into
Hindi.
On
his
138th
birth
anniversary,
Munshi
Premchand
remains
as
relevant
to
our
times
as
he
was
to
his
own
era.
Perhaps
more
so
Munshi
Premchand,
who
turned
Hindustani
literature
resolutely
in
the
direction
of
politically
and
socially
aware
realism,
moved
to
another
dimension
on
his
138th
birth
anniversary.
We
have
been
familiar
with
his
work
on
the
printed
page
and
on
the
film
screen.
But
this
year,
his
presence
was
felt
on
social
media.
President
Ram
Nath
Kovind
tweeted
a
tribute,
along
with
West
Bengal
Chief
Minister
Mamata
Banerjee,
BJP
president
Amit
Shah
and
Union
Minister
of
State
for
Culture
Mahesh
Sharma.
And
Premchand's
essay
'Sampradayikta
aur
Sanskriti
(Communalism
and
Culture)',
which
is
circulating
on
social
media,
remains
shockingly
relevant
84
years
after
it
was
published.
Premchand
was
initially
dismissed
by
critics
as
an
immature
writer,
on
account
of
erratic
craftsmanship,
but
he
could
not
be
faulted
on
the
choice
of
subject.
Some
of
his
earliest
works
betrayed
the
reformist
concerns
that
would
make
him
influential
later
in
life
the
condition
of
women,
the
poor
and
marginalised.
While
Godan,
which
explores
the
lives
of
the
rural
poor,
is
his
most
famous
work,
his
short
stories
and
lesser
known
works
were
commitedly
reformist,
and
took
on
live
wire
issues
of
the
time,
like
widow
remarriage.
Some,
like
'Seva
Sadan
(Bazaar
e
Husn)',
which
looked
at
the
rehabilitation
of
sex
workers,
could
be
easily
set
in
the
present
day.
Premchand
was
also
one
of
the
first
movers
on
corruption,
which
is
seen
in
the
short
story
'Namak
ka
Daroga',
about
an
inspector
of
the
salt
trade.
It
reads
like
a
precursor
of
'Ardh
Satya',
minus
the
violence.
At
a
time
when
culture
has
become
viciously
contested
territory,
and
when
a
flourishing
industry
of
hurt
sentiments
mints
political
coin,
Premchand
remains
a
moral
sheet
anchor
for
writers
and
readers.
A
century
ago,
he
set
down
in
print
what
can
no
longer
be
clearly
articulated,
and
it
remains
etched
in
stone
forever.
Dhanpat
Rai
Shrivastava
better
known
by
his
pen